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Processes and Strategies

Many studies document the enormous preoccupation with transmission of information and rote application of skills, and how little class time is devoted to thinking.
Roland Case (2001)
Thinking Processes - the 'how' of thinking
  • defining and clarifying the task
  • gathering and sorting information
  • exploring possibilities
  • making judgments
  • applying thinking

Thinking Strategies - 'what' occurs during the process
Strategy

adjusting

analysing


classifying

comparing


connecting

determining importance

elaborating

empathising


evaluating

generalising


hypothesising


inferring / extrapolating

justifying


paraphrasing

planning

predicting


questioning


recalling

self – questioning

summarising

synthesising

visualising

Definition

altering or adapting thinking based on new information

critically examining the components or essential features to develop further understanding

organising on the basis of common attributes

examining the qualities or characteristics of two or more ideas to identify the similarities and/or differences

making mental links between prior knowledge and new information

making decisions about what information is important by considering
the purpose, situation and subject matter

building on what one already knows to extend and expand ideas

seeing things from a different point of view; often characterised by the ability to put oneself into another’s shoes

judging the value and quality of ideas

drawing a conclusion from a particular instance and applying it to a broader context

making a prediction and providing reasons that can be investigated and/or verified

combining information with one’s own ideas to make a reasoned conclusion

defending, substantiating or validating thinking by providing
supporting information

restating ideas or information in one’s own words to clarify meaning

organising ideas to formulate a course of action

using prior knowledge to make an informed guess about possible outcomes

asking questions to further understanding, clarify meaning and challenge ideas

retrieving knowledge from one’s own memory

generating one’s own questions to clarify meaning, monitor understanding and explore new ideas

condensing information to convey the most important ideas or details

combining information from a variety of sources to refine one’s thinking

forming mental pictures that assist in clarifying and developing ideas
Picture